Method of making type-bars.



W. A. READE L F. IVIETCALF.

(METHOD 0F MAKING TYPE BARS.

APPucATnou man Dec.15. |916. Lw. Patented my 10, 1917. f z SHEETS-SHEET a. i9 1 l', 7 l WZ' 29 A45 ki8 7&5? 4.? Z7 v $7* A@ 4 w 50 9 Mg/V /Mw www l l i v 5^ W 5 4?/ i 46o sa 59 5e) 5g 39 s #fro/ENE V5 Zl Y l' W. A. READE @I F. METCALF.

mETHou or mums TYPE mms. APPLICATION FILED DIEC- I5.*I9I5.

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i@ fr WILLI A. BEADE FREDERICK METCALF, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, ASSIGNORS TO THE LUDLOW TYPOGRPH COMPANY, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF MAINE.

METHOD OF MAKING TYPE-BARS.

Specification of Letters latent.

Patented July 10, 191'?.

I To all whom z' may concern;

. Be it known that we, WILLIaMA. READE and FREDERICK METCALF, citizens of the -United States, and residents of Cleveland, county of Cuyahoga,'State of Ohio, have jointly invented anew and useful Improvement in Methods of Making Type-Bars, of which the following is a specification, the principle of the inventionbeing herein explained and the best mode 1n which we have contemplated applying that principle, so as to distinguish it from other inventions.

The present improved process or method is designed more particularly forI casting -slugs or type-bars having an upper enlarged bearing, the type-characters 1n orderv portion n to permit the casting of slugs for printing head-linesy and advertisements. Heretofore linotype and similar type-bars .have been practically limited to the prlntlng of the smaller type sizes known as body type, such as are used for ordinary reading matter, and it has been necessary to maintain a stock of sorts of such `larger or display type in order to enable the printer to set up headlines and display work in general,

By making a slug, however, with an enlarged upper portion, thereby giving such slug either a T-shape or L-shape in crosss'ection, we have found that characters of the largest size used in printing work may be cast on slugs, and thus with a single font of type matrices permit any amount lof this sort of work to be set up. In casting slugs of this kind,'owing to the size of the characters, some diiliculty is encountered where a series of slugs are to be assembled end-on in the form to make up a line of greater than column width because of the breaks occurrin between successive slugs. This same di culty of course occurs, to a noticeable degree, in setting up ordinary linotype work, where the slugs are joined end-0n in the fashion just described, it being impossible .bythe prevailing methods and with `any machines now on the market, to secure uniform spacing through the entire length of the line, since the successive slugs have to be set and justified separately.

The present improved process or method, accordingly, has as its o'bject the casting of slugs by means of which a line of type, and particularly a line of such large type, may be set up of greater length than the normal width of the column without any breaks occurring between the terminal characters on successive' slugs. To the accomplishment of these and related ends, said invention, then, consists of the steps hereinafter fully described and particularly `pointed out in the claims, it being understood -that the mechanism aspect of the invention forms the subject matter of a separate application filed April 12, 1915, Serial No. 20,607 out of which the present case has been required to be divided;

The annexed drawin and the following description set forth in etail certain mechanism adapted forcarrying out our present 'improved method or process, such disclosed means constitutin however, but one Vof Various ways 1n w 1ch the principle of the `invention may be used.

In said annexed drawings Y Figure 1 is7 a plan view of a typograph machine embodying our present improvements; Fig. 2 is a cross-section of the same taken on the line 2 2, Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a broken plan view corresponding to Fig. l, but showing the parts in a different operative position; Fig. 4 is a sectional view of.

the same corresponding to the section of Fig. 2; Fig. 5 is a front elevational view with parts 'broken away and shown in section, of the aforesaid mechanism; Figs. 6 and 7 are side elevations of two slugs 0r type-bars cast with the mechanism as arranged in Figs. 2 and 4, respectively; Fig. 8 is an end elevation of such a slug; Fig. 9 is a perspective view of a matrix bar with a character-impression; and Fig. 10 is a similar view of a blank matrix bar.

The casting mechanism proper forms no part of the present invention, the general features thereof being the same as those shown and described in the co-pending application of Edwin S. Carman, filed February 26, 1910, Serial No. 546,108. The

. parts of present interest comprise a mold 1 supported so as to permit the nozzle to be moved entirely out of the path of movement of the mold just described, and including suitable means (notshown) whereby the molten metal may 'be forced into the further assist in securing uniform contact casting slot 4 in the mold When the latter with said matrices, the under slde of thls is in I pro er osition, as will be readily A clamp-bar is rounded oif transversely as understoo e end of the nozzle is proshownin Fig. 5.

5 vided with a squirt-plate 3 of the usual con- A handled lever 20, pivotally mounted on 70 struction, which comes into direct contact the 'top 6 about an axis 21, transverse to the with the under side of the mold, the slot in direction of movement of the slide 14, is the latter 'being of such form and dimensions connected with the latter by means of a link as to serve as a mold for a slug body of the 22 so that said slide, with the presser foot desired length and width. 13, will be moved forwardly, that is to the 73 In its casting position the mold regls-ters right as shown in said Fig. 5, when said with, or rather lies in, an opening 5 in the handled lever is depressed. The forward horizontally extending top 6 of the general end of link 22 projects beneath the rear end machine frame, so as to be substantially of the lever 17 that carries clamp-bar 18,

flush with the upper surface of such top, a set-screw 23 in such lever-end contacting l20 or rather with the surface of a trough-like with such projecting portion when the link depression 7 extending transversely across is oscillated incidental to the depression of the same from the front to the rear as shown the hand lever, the effect of such engagel in Fig. 1. Associated with thel mold, so ment being obviously to depress the clamp- 20 as to be *carried therewith in its vertibar. A flat leaf spring 24 under the for- 85 cal movement, is a trimming knife or ward -end of the lever 17 normally holds 4blade 8 in the form of a slide, such Vslidsuch clamp-barininoperative position, while able trimmer being retracted in the castf a compression spring is similarly, proing position of the mold, as shown in'Fig. vided to normally raise the handled lever 25 5, and being capable of being thereupon adand thus retract the slide and presser foot 90 vanced across the casting slot in such mold, carried thereby. after the nozzle of the casting pot has been In this condition of parts the matrix withdrawn. holder 26 shown in complete plan view in The extent and form of the table top Fig. 1, in longitudinal vertical section in 30 6 are lore or less a matter of indifference, Figs. 2 and 4, and in transverse vertical 95 such top primarily forming a support for section in Fig. 5, is adapted to be inserted the matrix holder, pending the placing of between the iixedstop` 10 and such presser the same over the mold, and the withdrawal foot, such holder being conveniently moved of the latter therefrom when the slug has along the trough or depression 7 in the been cast. Preferably, however, said to is table top in engagement with the guide 9 100 relatively extensive and closed, insteadp of into such desired position. The exact longi` being merely an open framework such as tudinal location of the holder is determined might otherwise suffice, in order better to by means of a stop block 27 that projects protect the `operator and the parts of the over such trough so as to engage the rear machine supported on the top, from the end of the holder in its initial position and 105 heat and gases arising from the casting pot. one or the other of a series of notches 28 Disposed alongside the trough or depresin the side of such holder in successive posision 7 in the top, designed to receive the tions of the same, as will be presently dematrix holders, as already set forth, is a scribed. e

guide 9 that extends substantially to the As shown in the ii res last referred to, 11o opening 5 wherewith the mold registers in the holder in its re erred structural form its casting position. Adjacent one side of comprises two en pieces 29 secured to side such opening is a stop block 10 adjustably members 30, which latter are long enough lixed to the table by means of set-screws 11 'to provide an opening somewhat larger than and clamp-screws 12, as will be readily unthe aggregate length of a plurality of slugs 115 derstood; while adjacent the opposite side ofthe kind which it is desired to cast, which of the opening is a presser foot 13, movably inthe case in hand has been assumed to be held in the forward end of a slide 14, a comfifteen ems. Slidably secured between the pression spring 15 being interposed between side members 30 at one end of the holder is 65 such foot and slide so as to afford a resilia clamp member, or block 31, that is en` '12o ent backing for the former. Oscillatoril gaged by the threaded portion of a -screw mounted upon said slide about a transve e 32 rotatably secured in the adjacent end pivot 16 is a lever 17, the forward end of piece 29 and provided with a knurled head, which projects over the .opening 5 in the by rotating which said block can'obviously table and carriesa bar 18 alined with-such be advanced or retracted to clamp the as- 125 openin said bar beingI pivotally secured sembled matrices, or matrix bars 33, as they to the ont end of said lever by a pin 19 so may be termed to distinguish them from as to be adapted to press uniformly on the the impressions 34 of the type-characters backs of the assembled matrices in the which constitute the matrices proper.

holder, as will be presently explained. To These bars are of the general form illus- 130 trated in Fig.l 9, being in effect plates or blocks of unlform length and height, but ofvvarying width to accomodate characterimpressions vof correspondingly varying width. The latter are struck or driven in the bottoms of recesses cut in what may be y j called the lower edges of the bars, these re- I carried on the blank face of the slug.

cesses comprising a portion 35 having a width and depth prescribed which it is desired the headxofthe slug 36 (Fig. 8) should have, it being understood that the depth of such head, plus the depth of the body portion of the slug, should'equal the hei ht of ordinary slugs as commercially ma e, sov that both kinds of slugs can be used in the same form if desired. In addition to the main recess portion 35 a supplemental recess 37 is formed, where the character is of less extent than such main recess, to receive the character-impression 34, the object being to have the molded character 38 formed by the matrix on the slug, on anv entablature 39 of as limited extent as possible in order to prevent smearing of the printed sheet by ink The upper portions of the matrices project laterally in the form of ears 40 which are adapted to rest on the side pieces 30 of the holder, leaving the bodies of the matrices depend between and some distance' below such side pieces, as shown invFig. 5. In order to` facilitate the insertion of the matrices in the holder, the inner faces of such'side pieces are slightly beveled or flared, a close fit, however, being secured between their lower edges and the matrix bars so as to insure the correct alinement of the latter in a horizontal plane.

lIn so far as the foregoing features of construction are described in the co-pending application of William A. Reade, filed J une 19, 1915, Serial No. 35,070, no claim is herein made to such features. In the machine of such co-pending application, however, provision is made for setting up a composite matrix adapted to cast but a single slug, whereas in the present construction of machine, by providing an elongated holder 26 equaling the aggregate length of a plurality of slugs, it is possible to set up in such holder a series of lcomposite matrices, from which impressions can be taken, or slugs cast, one after the other, by simply moving .the holder lengthwise across the top of the table and clamping it down, as will be presently described. f

In setting up the individual matrix bars in the holder in order to form successive composite matrices, the spaces between words, or at the ends of lines, are formed by `the use of blankmatrix bars 45 of the kind illustrated in Fig. 10, -Which leave the cast slug with the corresponding portions 46 of its head cut away, as it were (see Figs. 6 and 7). The blank matrices used for this purpose will of course be-of Varying widths Mso as to permit of the formation of spaces in the slugs having different lengths, as shown in Figs. 2 and 4. In addition to blank matrix bars of this kind, a series of blank bars 47 are provided, all of the same width, which will preferably be two ems in the case assumed above for the purpose of illustration, one being required for use between each successive composite matrix in the holder. The latter has one of its sides 30 provided with graduations 48 in ems and has the other marked 0H by division lines 49 into spaces equal to the length of the slug body-which is to be cast, namely, fifteen ems in the assumed instance.

The notches 28 on the side of the holder, which are arranged to engage the end stop 27, in the successive positions of such holder,

will then be spaced vseventeen ems apart, the first notch being also seventeen ems from the `end of the holder which first abuts against such stop. In assembling the matrix bars 33 and 45 to form a line of type, it will Jthen be a matter of indifference whether or not the lastbar of the rst group is exactly equal to fifteen ems, for the recess in such bar may be allowed to project beyond the end of the mold slot as shown at the righthand end of the mold in Fig. 2, or it may stop short` of the end of the mold as shown at the left of the latter in Fig. 4. In either event, between such matrix bar and the group forming the next composite matrix, one of the two-em blanks 47 is interposed as shown in said Figs. 2 and 4. The result asy project a corresponding amount, as shown in the case of the juxtaposed'ends of the slugs 36 in Figs. 6 and 7.

As a result of the foregoing construction it is possible to justify the line of assembled matrices at once and thus to secure uniform spacing thereof throughout the entire length 'of the holder 26. Furthermore, when the finished slugs are gathered together in the form they will obviously provide a continuous line of type without any unnecessary or forced spaces such as have always heretofore characterized this kind of work, even in the case of the smaller fonts of type in which the upper portionof the slug bearing the type characters is no wider than the body of the slug. It will be readily apparent, in otherwords, that the foregoing improved construction of typograph mechaslugs for lines of greater length than the islot in the standard mold, irrespective of the face of type being used.

The general mode of operation of our improved machine has been in elect set forth incidentally to the description given of the construction of its various The length of the holder 26 used will, of course, aside from the condition of convenience in handling, depend on the total length of line which it is desired to set up with the slugs. Assuming the length of such line to be equal to six slugs, or, in other words, to six ordinary columns, an equal number of composite matrices will be formed by placing the selected matrix bars 33 and 45 in the holder with a bar or floating division piece 47 interposed adjaoenteaclimark 49. After the holder has been thus filled, the assembled bars are clamped' more or less tightly in place by means of screw 32, and the holder then positioned on the table between block 10 and presser foot 13 and with its end opposite to the one provided with such screw in engagement with end-stop 27. By depressing handled lever 20, both said presser foot and the clamp bar 18 are actuated to securely hold the first group of matrices in properly alined condition against the upper face of mold 1. B forcing the molten metal into the slot in such mold and the recesses of the matrices, a slug is'formed, which is thereupon trimmed, and, after the mold has been lowered away, ejected.

Upon the mold being restored to casting position the holder, having first been released from the clamping mechanism by raising handled lever 20, is advanced until the first notch 28 engages the end-stop 27. Thereupon a second slug may be cast in just the same manner as before, the operation being repeated until the last group of assembled matrices has been reached.-

As previously explained, it is necessary to give attention to the matter of justification only once in connection with the entire line,

since all of the slugs otherwise fit together to form a continuous line. The difficulty heretofore encountered in setting up linotype in lines longer than the individual slugs is hence entirely overcome, it being possible to have all of the spaces in the line be, or appear to be, of uniform width. It will be understood of course that owing to varying lengths of words and widths of characters, vthe width of the space will vary, allthis being taken into account, if the justification is to be effective and satisfactory. Much resetting' is saved over the procedure where a line no longer than the slug can be cast.,

Furthermore, when a wide letter comes at the end of a slug, so that it can be accommodated only by providing an voveringis thus avoided, it being sometimes di component parts.

. ters thereon, into alined hang, thelength of such'overlang need not be measured in order to properly indent the next slug, but suchl overhang is automatically compensated for by thev indentation of such following slug. Much cutting and t cult to find a space, pr. blank matrix thatlv will exactly complement a particular overhang.

is very much facilitated by the use of ya long holder capable of accommodating a plurality of groups of the individual detached matrix bars,.since such holder does notrequire to be removed and another inserted in its place for each operation of the castingmechanism, but such holder needs merely to be advanced from one position to the next across the supporting table'.

In referring to the matrix barsy hereinbefore, vas well as in the following claims, it will be understood that we use this term to distinguish from the special division bars vwhich form a feature of the present inven- Such matrix-bars may, accordingly,

tion. bear any of the ,characters found in any font, or may be simple blank bars, such as are used for spacing.

Other modes of applying the principleof our invention may be employed instead of division bar between successive groups, and 11d taking a separate cast of each group.

2. The method of-casting slugs designed to form a line of type-characters of length greater than a single slug which consists in assembling selected rious width corresponding with the characgroups of approximately the length of such single slug, interposing a division bar between successive groups, and taking a cast of each group in succession, the assembled bod'y of matrices being'shifted each time a 'distance equal to the length of such slug plus the width of the interposed division bar.

3. The method of casting slugs designed to form a line of type-characters oflength 2 greater than a single slug, which consists in assembling selected matrix-bars of various widths corresponding with the characters thereon, into alined groups of approximately Finally,fthe casting iof the successive slugs ,5

which consists in 105 matrix-bars of va- 15 imams the length of such slug, interposing a-division bar between successive groups, all of said division bars being of the same width, and taking a separate cast of leach group.

4. The methodA of casting slugs designed to form a line of type-characters of length greater than a single slug, which consists in assembling selected matrix-bars of various widths corresponding with the characters thereon, into alined groups of approximately the length of such slug, interposing a division bar between successive groups, all of said division bars being of the same width, and taking a cast of each group in succession, the assembled body of matrices being shifted each time a distance equal to the length of such slug plus the width of the interposed division bar.

5. The method of casting slugs designed to form a line of type-characters of length greater than a single slug which consists in assembling selected matrix-bars of various widths corresponding with the characters thereon into alined groups of approximately the length of such -single slug, justifying such assembled matrices as a single line, interposing a division bar between successive groups, and then taking a cast of each group.

6. The method of casting-slugs designed to form a line of type-characters of length greater than a ysingle slug7 which consists in assembling selected matrix-bars of various widths corresponding with the characters thereon, into alined groups of approximately the length of such single slug, interposing a division bar between successive groups, justifying such assembled matrices as a single 4the length of such slug plus thewidth of the interposed division bar.

7. The method of casting slugs designed to form a line of type-characters of length a greater than a single slug, which consists in assembling selected matrix-bars of various widths corresponding with the characters thereon, into alined groups of approximately the length of such slug, interposing a division bar between successive groups, all of said division bars being of the same width, justifying such assembled matrices as a sin-` gle line, and then taking a cast of each group, the space occupied by such division bars being divided up among such casts.

8. The method of casting slugs designed to form a line of type-characters of length greater than a single slug, which consists in assembling selected matrix-bars of various widths corresponding with the characters thereon, into alined groups of approximately the length of such slug, interposing a .division bar betweenl successive groups, all of said division bars being of the same width, justifying such assembled matrices as a single line, and then taking a cast of each group 1 1n succession, the assembled body of matrices being shifted each time a distance equal to the length of such slug plus the width of thel interposed division bar. s

- Signedby us this 14th day of December,

WILLIAM a. READE. FREDERICK Mn'rcmtr. 

